4.1b Dominant Culture and Subcultures

The dominant culture is the culture of the group with the most power in a social setting. Generally, having skills and knowledge associated with the dominant culture  tends to help an individual because this culture is the most valued (see cultural capital in Chapter 7). A subculture is a group distinct from the larger culture, usually because its interests, beliefs, or practices distinguish it from the larger group. Subcultures develop when larger groups break into smaller groups with shared interests. Subcultures may develop around shared religious or political beliefs, hobbies, fandoms (see Photo 4.2), and other interests. Dominant groups can also exclude others because of real or perceived differences, leading to the development of a subculture. Therefore, the relationship between dominant cultures and subcultures may contribute to stratification.

Photo 4.2

Fandoms Develop Around Many Interests, Including Sports

Non-disabled people, for example, have more power and keep a dominant culture that is often indifferent or hostile toward people with disabilities. For example, many teachers and other presenters project their voices rather than use a microphone, believing everyone can hear if no one says they cannot. However, hard-of-hearing audience members will be excluded. For others, the microphone is still insufficient. Deaf people usually need an interpreter to translate oral speech into American Sign Language (ASL). ASL has rules making it distinct from English (see Photo 4.2). Moreover, norms around personal space also differ in ASL. Deaf people may lightly tap on another person’s shoulder to get their attention, violating personal space norms for those who can hear. Using a distinct language and unique norms shows that Deaf culture is a distinct subculture.

Photo 4.3

People Who are Deaf or Hard-of-hearing May Use American Sign Language to Communicate