Introduction to Sociology Detailed Table of Contents
1.0 Learning Outcomes and Introduction
1.2 The Use of Technology and Data in Identifying Public Issues
1.3 The Essential Sociological Concepts
1.3d Social Change and Social Reproduction
1.4a Macro-, Meso-, and Microsociology
1.4b Social Construction of Reality
1.5a How is Sociology Different from Other Disciplines or Majors?
1.5b A Background in Sociology Supports Diverse Careers
1.7 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Media and Technology
2.0 Learning Outcomes and Introduction
2.1 Using Sociological Data to Describe Social Phenomena
2.1a Common Sense and Journalistic Explanations
2.1c Primary and Secondary Data
2.1c2 The National Opinion Research Center
2.1ci4 Bureau of Labor Statistics
2.2 How Does Sociology Explain Social Patterns of Marriage and Parenthood?
2.3 How Do Sociologists Know What They Know?
2.3b Qualitative Data Analysis
2.4 Evaluating Sociological Research
2.4a Nonprobability and Probability Sampling
2.4b Defining and Measuring Variables
2.5 Thinking Critically about Social Scientific Data
2.5a Frequencies and Percentages
2.5c Measures of Central Tendency
2.5d Correlation and Causation
2.6 Ethical Issues and Limitations of Sociological Research
2.6a Privacy and Informed Consent
2.6b Issues of Bias in Sociological Research
2.8 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Families
3.0 Learning Objectives and Introduction
3.1 Social Structure and Social Institutions
3.1b A Functionalist Perspective
3.2 Religion as a Social Institution
3.2b Religion and the Development of Capitalism
3.2c Religion as an Opiate of the Masses
3.6 Religious and Political Socialization
3.7b The Use of Religious Imagery to Achieve Political Goals
3.9 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Government and Religion
4.0 Learning Outcomes and Introduction
4.1 Culture
4.1a How Longer Life Expectancies Contribute to Cultural Change
4.1b Dominant Culture and Subcultures
4.2 The Features of Cognitive Culture
4.2a Social Institutions
4.2b Roles and Statuses
4.2c Symbolic Boundaries
4.2d Frames and Perception
4.2e Repertoires of Action
4.2f Narratives
4.2g Values
4.3 Responding to Culture Shock
4.3a Ethnocentrism
4.3b Cultural Relativism
4.4 Socialization
4.4a Agents of socialization
4.4b Socialization in Families
4.4c Socialization in Schools
4.4d Adult Socialization
4.5 The Development of the Self
4.5a George Herbert Mead’s Role-Taking and the Development of the Self
4.5b Charles Horton Cooley’s Looking-Glass Self
4.5c W. E. B. Du Bois’ Double Consciousness
4.5d Erving Goffman’s Impression Management
4.5e Summary of the Development of the Self
4.6 Summary
4.7 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Culture and Socialization
4.8 Careers
4.9 Key Terms
4.10 Review
4.11 Glossary
4.12 References
Chapter 5 Brief Outline
5.0 Learning Outcomes and Introduction
5.1 The Social Construction of Deviance
5.1a The Legalization of Marijuana
5.1b Marijuana Use
5.2 Types of Crime
5.2a Violent Crime
5.2b Property Crime
5.2c Bias-Motivated Crimes
5.3 Crime: Perception and Reality
5.4 Theoretical Explanations of Deviance and Crime
5.4a Émile Durkheim’s Contributions to Understanding Deviance
5.4a1 Social Solidarity and Anomie
5.4a2 Durkheim’s Study of Suicide
5.4b Structural Strain Theory
5.4b1 Modes of Adaptation
5.4c Social Control Theory
5.4d Labeling Theory
5.4e Marxist Theory
5.4f Critical Race Theory
5.5 Responses to Deviance and Crime
5.5a Stigma
5.5b Incarceration
5.5c Surveillance and Conformity
5.5d Medicalization
5.6 Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Use
5.6a Tobacco and Nicotine Use
5.6b Alcohol Use
5.6c Illicit Drug Use
5.7 Summary
5.8 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Deviance and Crime
5.9 Careers
5.10 Key Terms
5.11 Review
5.12 Glossary
5.13 References
Chapter 6 Brief Outline
6.0 Learning Outcomes and Introduction
6.1 Education
6.2 What Is Stratification?
6.2a Capital
6.2b Status and Power
6.2c Minority and Dominant Groups
6.2d Prejudice and Discrimination
6.2f Moving Toward Equity
6.3 Sociodemographic Structures
6.3a Race and Racism
6.3b Gender
6.3c Social Class
6.4 The Structures that Uphold Stratification
6.4a Colonialism
6.4b White Supremacy
6.4b1 White Privilege
6.4c Patriarchy
6.4d Capitalism
6.5 The American Dream and Meritocracy
6.5a Education as the Path to Achieving the American Dream?
6.6 How Schools Reproduce and Reduce Stratification
6.7 Summary
6.8 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Stratification and Education
6.9 Careers
6.10 Key Terms
6.11 Review
6.12 Glossary
6.13 References
Chapter 7 Brief Outline
7.0 Learning Outcomes and Introduction
7.1 The Effect of Capitalism on Social Class
7.1a The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat
7.1b Alienation
7.1c Class Consciousness and False Consciousness
7.1d Power, Property, and Prestige
7.2 Financial Resources
7.2a Income
7.2b Global Income Inequality
7.2c Credit Scores and Credit Reports
7.2d Debt
7.2e Wealth
7.3 Social Class Structure in the United States
7.3a The Upper Class
7.3b The Middle Class
7.3c The Lower Class
7.4 Social Class Reproduction
7.4a Behavioral and Cultural Explanations
7.4b Structural Explanations
7.4c Political Explanations
7.4d How Wealth Is Maintained Across Generations
7.4d1 The Law and Tax Policy
7.4d2 Closed Social Networks
7.4d3 Unequal Childhoods
7.5 The Social Safety Net
7.5a Help at the Bottom
7.5b Help at the Top
7.6 Chapter Summary
7.7 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Social Class
7.8 Careers
7.9 Key Terms
7.10 Review
7.11 Glossary
7.12 References
8.0 Learning Objectives and Introduction
8.1 The Social Construction of Gender and Sex
8.1a Gender and Sex Categorization
8.1b Gender Identity and Sexual Identity
8.2 The Science and Sociology of Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
8.2b Sociological Explanations of Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
8.3 Learning the Norms Associated with Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
8.3b Gendered Sexual Socialization
8.4 How Work Perpetuates Gender Stratification
8.5 Structural Sexism and Health
8.6 Changing Laws and Opinions
8.6a Social Change Regarding LGBTQ Rights
8.8 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
9.0 Learning Objectives and Introduction
9.1 The Science and Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity
9.2 An Overview of Immigration and Citizenship
9.2b Refugees and Asylum Seekers
9.2c1 The Citizenship Experience of Mexican Americans
9.5a Racially Segregated Neighborhoods
9.6 Racial Socialization in Families
9.8 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Race, Citizenship, and Belonging
10.0 Learning Objectives and Introduction
10.1 Social Change and Social Reproduction
10.1b Demographic Transition Model
10.1b1 Birth, Death, and Fertility Rates
10.2a Collective Behavior With More Negative Elements
10.2b Collective Behavior with More Positive Elements
10.3a Social Movement Collective Action
10.3b Types of Social Movements
10.3c1 Relative Deprivation Theory
10.3c2 Resource Mobilization Theory
10.3c4 Political Process Theory
10.5 The Social Construction of the Climate Crisis
10.5a Heat Waves, Race, Class, and Gender
10.6 Social Structure and Social Change
10.6a The Case of Hurricane Harvey
10.6b The Case of Newtok, Alaska
10.7 Stratification and the Climate Crisis
10.7b Environmental Inequality and Justice
10.9 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Social Change and the Climate Crisis