9.8 Applying the Sociological Literacy Framework to Race, Citizenship, and Belonging
Sociological Eye
Definition
Focusing on how group membership shapes human behavior and attitudes.
Selected Examples
- Du Bois’ color line
- How race, ethnicity, and citizenship are socially constructed
Social Structure
Definition
The relationships and patterned interaction connecting different individuals, groups, and organizations that endure and shape behavior and attitudes.
Selected Examples
- Racialization
- Citizenship
- Immigration laws
- Unauthorized immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers
Socialization
Definition
The process by which people learn about their culture.
Selected Examples
- Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)
- Racial socialization in families
Stratification
Definition
The systematic and unequal distribution of power, status, and resources.
Selected Examples
- Assimilation and pluralism
- Genocide and expulsion
- Racism and colorism
Social Change and Social Reproduction
Definition
The process by which people transform and maintain social arrangements and social structure.
Selected Examples
- Housing discrimination and racially segregated neighborhoods
- Racial wealth gap