5.9 Careers

Police and Detectives

Police officers enforce the law to protect lives and property (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2025a). Detectives gather evidence to solve crimes. Police work is physically demanding, dangerous, and involves long hours. A college degree is not needed to become a police officer; however, police and detectives must complete specialized training. A background in sociology is beneficial for these careers due to the field’s utility in understanding crime. The median annual pay for police and detectives is $77,300 or $37 per hour. The occupation is expected to have average growth (4%) through 2035. Video 5.1 shares more about this occupation.

Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors

Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors focus on helping people dealing with issues related to drug or alcohol use, mental health, and more (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2025c). These counselors work in a range of settings, including private practice and community health settings. A bachelor’s degree is typically needed, although a master’s degree and even a license may be necessary. A sociology degree provides a solid foundation for practitioners to better understand the sociodemographic factors related to the problems they address. The median annual pay is $59,000 or $28 per hour. The occupation is expected to grow faster than average (19%) through 2035. Video 5.2 shares more about this occupation.

Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists

Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists work with people who are convicted of a crime and are in custody, on probation, or on parole (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2025b). A bachelor’s degree is usually needed to work as a probation officer or correctional treatment specialist. A degree in sociology provides a solid foundation for addressing the challenges that individuals with criminal backgrounds face in securing employment, obtaining housing, and avoiding further involvement in crime. The median annual pay is $65,000 or $31 per hour. The occupation is expected to grow as fast as average (4%) through 2035. Video 5.3 shares more about this occupation.