5.2c Bias-Motivated Crimes

Bias-motivated (or hate crimes) are any criminal offense “against a person or property motivated in whole or part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity” (U.S. Department of Justice, 2022). Most bias-motivated crimes since 2020 were anti-Black or African American (30%), followed by anti-Jewish (11%), anti-gay (men) (9%), anti-White (9%), and Anti-Hispanic or Latino (7%) (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2025b) (see Figure 5.4).